{"id":692,"date":"2022-03-24T08:00:28","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T07:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meine-geranien.de\/cs\/?post_type=blog&p=692"},"modified":"2025-02-25T07:57:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T06:57:03","slug":"cesta-muskatu-do-evropy","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/blog\/cesta-muskatu-do-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"Cesta mu\u0161k\u00e1t\u016f do Evropy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

P\u00ed\u0161e se rok 1672 a mlad\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 a botanik Paul Hermann m\u00e1 pro Nizozemskou v\u00fdchodoindickou spole\u010dnost odcestovat na Cejlon (dnes Sr\u00ed Lanka) a poskytovat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm spole\u010dnosti. Souhlas\u00ed, proto\u017ee zoufale tou\u017e\u00ed po cest\u011b do t\u011bchto tropick\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek – zejm\u00e9na proto, aby prozkoumal tamn\u00ed rostlinnou rozmanitost. Cestu v\u0161ak podcenil, je velmi vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Dlouh\u00e1 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 cesta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Vintage<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Mu\u0161k\u00e1ty p\u016fvodn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky (dne\u0161n\u00ed Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky), kde je na \u00fapat\u00ed Stolov\u00e9 hory objevil mlad\u00fd botanik Paul Hermann.

B\u011bhem plavby musel \u010delit n\u011bkolika bou\u0159\u00edm a nemocem, kter\u00e9 propukly mezi pos\u00e1dkou, ale po n\u011bkolika n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch a strastipln\u00fdch t\u00fddnech se kone\u010dn\u011b dostal na pevninu. A\u010dkoli plavba je\u0161t\u011b nebyla zcela u konce, lo\u010f zakotvila u z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed stanice V\u00fdchodoindick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na jihoafrick\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Zde se mohl Hermann na deset dn\u016f vylodit, aby se kr\u00e1tce zotavil a mohl pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 cest\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Hermann objevuje nezn\u00e1mou, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1snou kv\u011btinu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Mu\u0161k\u00e1ty upoutaly Hermannovu pozornost, proto\u017ee kvetly velmi bohat\u011b a v pestr\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, z \u010deho\u017e byl nad\u0161en\u00fd.

P\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed plavby vyu\u017eil k tomu, aby si prohl\u00e9dl jihoafrick\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a prozkoumal vegetaci v okol\u00ed Stolov\u00e9 hory. T\u00edm, co na\u0161el, byl ohromen \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b po v\u0161ech \u00fatrap\u00e1ch a nemocech, kter\u00e9 ho b\u011bhem plavby prov\u00e1zely.

Objevil p\u016fsobivou rozmanitost rostlin, krajina zde byla zelen\u00e1, pln\u00e1 kv\u011bt\u016f a barev. Okouzlila ho p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jedna kv\u011btina<\/strong>: neznal ji a nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm se s n\u00ed nesetkal. Byla v\u00edce jak dva metry vysok\u00e1, barevn\u011b kvetla a byla n\u00e1padn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e1.

Hermann si vzal n\u011bkolik vzork\u016f t\u00e9to rostliny a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed lod\u00ed je odeslal do Nizozemska. S\u00e1m se pak vydal na Cejlon, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Sr\u00ed Lanka, a ujal se tam sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Rosa,<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Mu\u0161k\u00e1ty se staly je\u0161t\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tou\u017eila po nich cel\u00e1 Evropa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Pinke<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Mu\u0161k\u00e1ty byly do Nizozemska dovezeny lod\u00ed a intenzivn\u011b se zde p\u011bstovaly, stejn\u011b jako ve zbytku Evropy.

Tato rostlina byla velmi odoln\u00e1. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch vzork\u016f rostlin, kter\u00e9 Hermann tak\u00e9 poslal, p\u0159e\u017eila cestu bez po\u0161kozen\u00ed a do Nizozemska dorazila v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Zde si ji p\u0159evzali v\u011bdci a botanici, aby ji mohli zkoumat. Domn\u00edvali se, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o kakost, proto\u017ee rostliny vypadaly podobn\u011b jako p\u016fvodn\u00ed odoln\u00e9 trvalky Pelargonie.

O rostliny pe\u010dovali, mno\u017eili je a d\u00edky tomu se brzy objevily nejen v Leidenu, ale i  v botanick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch dal\u0161\u00edch nizozemsk\u00fdch m\u011bst. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nez\u016fstalo bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed a o tuto kr\u00e1snou, odolnou a exotickou kv\u011btinu se za\u010dali zaj\u00edmat i dal\u0161\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nad\u0161en\u00e1 z n\u00ed byla \u0161lechta a obyvatel\u00e9 bohat\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Vznikaj\u00ed st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 velikosti, tvary a barvy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

D\u00edky jejich z\u00e1jmu byly mu\u0161k\u00e1ty tak \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9, \u017ee se za\u010daly p\u011bstovat v \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce tvarech, velikostech a barv\u00e1ch. V roce 1826 existovalo ji\u017e 352 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mu\u0161k\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly uvedeny ve v\u00fdmarsk\u00e9m almanachu rostlin „Hortus Belvederanus“. Mu\u0161k\u00e1ty byly vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1ny nejen jako okrasn\u00e9 rostliny, ale v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed Francii se p\u011bstovaly speci\u00e1ln\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fn\u011b pro v\u00fdrobu parf\u00e9m\u016f.

Na popularit\u011b jim neubralo ani zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti nejsou druhem kakost\u016f, jak se uk\u00e1zalo v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. stolet\u00ed. Kakosty maj\u00ed p\u011bt okv\u011btn\u00edch l\u00edstk\u016f stejn\u00e9 velikosti, ale tato rostlina m\u011bla dva v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed okv\u011btn\u00ed l\u00edstky naho\u0159e a t\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed dole. A\u010dkoli pat\u0159ila do stejn\u00e9 \u010deledi rostlin, nejednalo se o druh kakost\u016f. Dostala n\u00e1zev „Pelargonie“, ale tento n\u00e1zev se ne v\u0161ude ujal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Dnes: 400 milion\u016f prodan\u00fdch mu\u0161k\u00e1t\u016f za rok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Kleiner<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Obliba mu\u0161k\u00e1t\u016f st\u00e1le roste bez ohledu na jejich jm\u00e9no. Dodnes se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy a barvy. V sou\u010dasnosti je v Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm registru Pelargoni\u00ed zaps\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 000 r\u016fzn\u011b pojmenovan\u00fdch druh\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed.

V Evrop\u011b se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok prod\u00e1 kolem 400 milion\u016f mu\u0161k\u00e1t\u016f, z toho 100 milion\u016f pouze v N\u011bmecku, a tento neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zdaleka nekon\u010d\u00ed. Mlad\u00e9mu Paulu Hermannovi se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ani nesnilo o tom, \u017ee se tato rostlina stane tak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V 17. stolet\u00ed objevil mlad\u00fd botanik na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1snou, nezn\u00e1mou kv\u011btinu, kterou se rozhodl poslat do Evropy. Brzy se pod n\u00e1zvem \u201ePelargonie\u201c stala velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a dnes pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okrasn\u00e9 kv\u011btiny. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3657,"template":"two-column-blog-single","blog_cat":[],"blog_main":[105,51],"class_list":["post-692","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_main-stoji-za-to-vedet","blog_main-znalosti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4970,"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/692\/revisions\/4970"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_cat?post=692"},{"taxonomy":"blog_main","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pelargonium-for-europe.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_main?post=692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}